120 important Question and Answer to be a Engineer For Top 10 company

120 important Question and Answer to be a Engineer For Top 10 company, Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd. Jaiprakash Associates Ltd. Larsen & Toubro Ltd. Macrotech Developers Pvt Ltd (Lodha Group) NCC Ltd. Punj Lloyd Ltd. Sadbhav Engineering Ltd. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd.

top 10 civil engineering companies in india

Q1. What is ductility? 

Answer: Ductility is the ability to deform under tensile stress.

Q2. What is the length of rise and tread in staircase? 

Answer: Riser - 150 mm to 200 mm; Tread- 250 mm to 300 mm.

Q3. What is the slope of staircase? 

Answer: As per IS 456:2000, the slope or pitch of stair should be between 25 degree to 40 degree.

Q4. What do you mean by Segregation? 

Answer: Segregation is a separation of Cement, Sand from Aggregate.

Q5. What is the Initial and Final setting time of cement?

 Answer: Initial - 30 mins; Final - 10hours.

Q6. What is Bleeding in concrete? 

Answer: Bleeding is one form of segregation, where water comes out to the surface of concrete.

Q7. What is the name of the machine to do

Compression test? 

Answer: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Q8. What is the function of stirrups? 

Answer: Stirrups are provided to resist the Shear force. It also hold the main bars in position.

Q9. What is the total length of steel bar? 

Answer:12 m

Q10. What is Soil Reinforcement? 

Answer: Soil reinforcement is the act of improving soil strength to enable it support or carry more load.

Q11. Why foundations are placed below ground level? 

Answer: To increase the stability of structure.

Q12. What is the use of 3-4-5 method in construction sites? 

Answer: This method used for setting out plan accurately at right angle.

Q13. What is the full form of DPC? 

Answer: Damp Proof Course.

Q14. What is the minimum recommended diameter of bored cast insitu pile? 

Answer: As per [IS 2911, Part - 1, Section - 2], the minimum recommended diameter of pile is 450 mm.

Q15. What is the full form of RCC? 

Answer: Reinforced Cement Concrete.

Q16. What is the angle of Hook in Stirrups?

Answer: 135 degree

Q17. What is the factor thats helps in converting Wet concrete volume to Dry concrete volume?

Answer: 1.54

Q18. How to convert Cubic meter to Cubic Feet?

Answer: Multiplying by 35.3147

Q19. What is the direction of Main & Distribution bar in RCC Slab? 

Answer: Main bar in Shorter span and Distriution bar in longer span.

Q20. What is End Bearing Pile? 

Answer: If the pile supports the load primarily by resistance developed at the pile tip or base, then it is called End Bearing Pile.

Q21. What is the formula for calculating Riser in Staircase? 

Answer: Riser = Tread + 1

Q22. Which Zone Sand is suitable for Plaster?

Answer: Zone - 3

Q23. Why we provide Alternate Bent Up bar in slab?

Answer: To resist Negative Bending Moment

Q24. Which Code we use for Concrete Mix Design?

Answer: IS 10262: 2009

Q25. What is the size of Cube taken for Compressive Strength Test? 

Answer: 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm

Q26. What is the weight of Cube of Size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150mm? 

Answer: 8.1 Kg

Q27. What is meaning of 43 grade, 53 grade on Cement bags? 

Answer: Cement grade indicates the Compression strength of cement after 28 days of setting.

Q28. How to calculate the number of stirrups?

Answer: Number of Stirrups = [ (Length of Span/Spacing of Stirrups) + 1]

Q29. What is Transit Theodolite? 

Answer: A transit Theodolite is one in which the telescope can be revolved completely about the horizontal axis in a vertical plane.

Q30. What are the functions of a theodolite?

Answer: The function of a theodolite are to measure the following quantities: a) Horizontal

angle, b) Vertical angle, c) Deflection angle, d) Magnetic Bearing, e) Horizontal Distance

Q31. What is the standard thickness of Putty?

Answer: 3 mm

Q32. Which Zone sand is suitable for Filling purpose? 

Answer: Zone - 4

Q33. What is the Standard thickness of mortar for bedding of Flooring? 

Answer: 35 mm

Q34. What is the standard size of modular brick?

Answer: 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm

Q35. What is the standard thickness of External Plaster? 

Answer: 19 mm

Q36. Which Zone sand is suitable for Concrete?

Answer: Zone - 2

Q37. What is the standard thickness of Internal

Plaster? Answer: 12 mm

Q38. What is the full form of AAC Block? 

Answer: Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Q39. What is the volume of 1 bag Cement? 

Answer:0.0347 Cubic meter

Q40. What is the name of Binding wire used in construction? 

Answer: Black Annealed Wire

Q41. What is Two way Slab? 

Answer: If the ratio of Longer Span to Shorter Span is less than 2, then it is called Two way slab.

Q42. What is Kentledge? 

Answer: It is a dead weight used for applying a test load on a pile.

Q43. What is the reinforcement criteria for beam?

Answer: As per 13920: 2016 Cl. 6.2.1, Beam shall have at least two numbers 12 mm dia bar each at the top and bottom faces.

Q44. What is the percentage of water we can increase for every 25 mm slump? 

Answer: As per IS 10262:2009 Cl. 4.2, We can increase 3% for every additional 25 mm slump.

Q45. As per UK gallon, 1 Gallon equals how much litres? 

Answer: 4.54 Litres

Q46. In one way slab, Main bar is provided along which span? 

Answer: Shorter span

Q47. How we can measure the thickness of Plaster? 

Answer: Bull mark is provided at specific distance to make sure that the required thickness of Plaster is uniform throughout.

Q48. In plastering, What is known as 2nd coat?

Answer: Floating coat

Q49. What is the specific gravity range of Bentonite slurry during Piling? 

Answer: 1.05 to 1.12

Q50. What is working load? 

Answer: The load assigned to a pile as per design.

Q51. What is the use of Damp Proof Course?

Answer: It prevents the moisture rising up the wall from the ground.

Q52. What is small and large diameter pile?

Answer: As per IS 2911, Part - 1, Section -2, Piles of 600 mm or less in diameter are called small diameter pile and Piles greater than 600 mm in diameter are called large diameter pile.

Q53. What is Friction Pile? 

Answer: If the pile supports the load primarily by friction along its surface, then it is called Friction Pile.

Q54. How much CFT in 1 bag of Cement (50 KG)?

Answer: 1.225 Cubic Feet

Q55. What are the factors affecting strength of concrete? 

Answer: Quality of Raw Materials, Water - Cement Ratio, Coarse - Fine aggregate ratio, Aggregate -Cement ratio, Curing period, Temperature, Compaction of concrete.

Q56. What is the density of Ice? 

Answer: 920 Kg per Cubic meter

Q57. What is a Contour Line? 

Answer: A line joining points of equal elevation is known as a Contour Line

Q58. What is the least count of theodolite? 

Answer:The difference between the value of the smallest division of the main scale and that of the smallest division of the vernier scale known as the least count of the theodolite. It is the least value that

can be measured by theodolite.

Q59. What is the standard thickness of Ceiling

Plaster? 

Answer: 6 mm

Q60. What is One way slab? 

Answer: If the ratio of Longer Span to Shorter Span is more than or equal to 2, then it is known as One way Slab.

Q61. In plastering, what is known as 1st coat?

Answer: Undercoat

Q62. What is Bentonite? 

Answer: It is a Montmorillonite clay with a very high liquid limit.

Q63. What is the meaning of M50? 

Answer: Here 'M' stands for 'Mix'. 50 stands for Characteristics compressive strength of concrete cube size 150mm x 150 mm x 150 mm, after 28 days curing. Its unit is N/mm2.

Q64. Difference between Development length & Lap Length? 

Answer: Lap length addresses the length of the bar needed to transfer the stress to the other bar, whereas Development length addresses the length of the bar needed to transfer the stress to the concrete.

Q65. Which instrument is used to measure Specific Gravity? 

Answer: Hydrometer

Q66. What is the size of the mould used to measure the compressive strength of Cement? 

Answer: As per IS 10080 : 1982, The size is 70.6 mm x 70.6mm 70.6 mm

Q67. What is the percentage strength of concrete with time? 

Answer: After 1 day - 16%, After 3 days - 40%, After 7 days - 65%, After 14 days -90%, After 28 days - 99%

Q68. How to convert Square meter to Square feet?

Answer: Multiplying by 10.764

Q69. As per US Gallon, 1 Gallon equals how much litres? 

Answer: 3.785

Q70. Which Is code Illustrates about the Earthquake force? 

Answer: IS 1893

Q71. What is the use of Cover block? 

Answer: It protects the reinforcement from thermal expansion during fire or excessive heat. It also

protects the steel from corrosion.

Q72. What is the use of Plumb Bob? 

Answer: It is used to find the verticality of any object.

Q73. Maximum height permissible for free fall of concrete? 

Answer: As per [IS 456:2000 Clause -13.2], It is 1.5 m

Q74. What is the function of Bentonite? 

Answer: It stabilizes the soil

Q75. What is the maximum dia of bar we can use in a slab? 

Answer: As per IS 456 : 2000 CI. 26.5.2.2, The dia of reinforcing bar shall not exceed 1/8 th

of total thickness of slab.

Q76. What is ultimate load capacity of a pile?

Answer: The maximum load which a pile can carry

before failure.

Q77. What is the minimum height of Parapet wall?

Answer: 1 meter.

Q78. When we will provide Expansion joints?

Answer: As per [IS 456:2000, Clause 27.2], Structure exceeding 45 meter in length are designd with one or more expansion joints.

Q79. What is the maximum spacing between 2 chairs or spacers bar in slab? 

Answer: 1 meter.

Q80. As per IS code 456:2000, what is the minimum dia of main bar in column? 

Answer: 12mm.

Q81. What is the Minimum Length of Hook?

Answer: 75 mm

Q82. What are the factors on which Development Length Depends? 

Answer: Grade of Concrete, Grade of Steel

Q83. What is the purpose of Frog in Brick? 

Answer: It helps in developing proper joint between Brick and mortar

Q84. Which steel is used in the manufacture of rails? 

Answer: Manganese Steel

Q85. What type of cement is preferable in seawater construction? 

Answer: Slag or Pozzolana (PSC or PPC) as per IS 456: 2000 CI. 8.2.8

Q86. What should be the pH of water used in concrete? 

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 CI. 5.4.2, pH of water shall be not less than 6

Q87. How to convert N/mm2 to Kg/cm2? 

Answer: Multiplying by 10.197

Q88. What is the minimum lap length taken in Compression zone? 

Answer: As per IS 456: 2000 Cl. 26.2.5.1(d), the lap length in compression shall not be less than 24°, where is the diameter of bar.

Q89. When bars of two different diameter are to be lapped, then lap length will be calculated on basis of which dia? 

Answer: As per IS 456 : 2000 CI. 26.2.5.1(e), the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of diameter of the smaller bar.

Q90. When we will provide side face reinforcement in beam? 

Answer: As per IS 456:2000 CI. 26.5.1.3, When the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm, side face reinforcements shall be provided along the two faces.

Q91. What are the function of Column in building?

Answer: Column is a vertical member of a building which support structural load transferred by the whole structure through Beams After that

Q92. When the possibility of Segregation of concrete is more? 

Answer: a) When water cement ratio is high, b) If the ratio of coarser aggregate is much more than the other proportion c) Coarser

Q93. What are the least cover provided for different RCC member? 

Answer: Footing - 50 mm, Column - 40 mm, Beam - 25 mm, Slab - 20 mm.

Q94. What is the full form of TMT bar? 

Answer: Thermo Mechanical Treatment.

Q95. What do you mean by Honeycomb in Concrete? 

Answer: Honeycomb means Void. It is also known as Air Pocket.

Q96. What is Deflection and Deformation? 

Answer: Deflection is temporary displacement whereas Deformation is permanent displacement.

Q97. What are the methods of curing? 

Answer: a)Spraying, b) Wet covering of surface, c) Ponding, d) Application of curing compound, e) Steam curing

Q98. Formula for calculating unit weight of round section TMT bar? 

Answer: (D) square/162, where 'D' is the dia of bar in mm.

Q99. What is the unit weight of concrete? 

Answer: As per IS 456:2000, Unit weight of PCC is 2400Kg/Cum & Unit weight of RCC is 2500 Kg/Cum

Q100. What are the Nominal Concrete mix proportion for different grades? 

Answer: M5 -1:5:10, M7.5 - 1:4:8, M10 - 1:3:6, M15 - 1:2:4,M20 - 1.15.3 M25 - 1.1.2

Q101. Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets? 

Answer: The primary purpose of curing is to reduce the heat loss of concrete that is freshly placed to the atmosphere and in order to reduce the temperature gradient across the cross-section of the concrete. Ponding is not preferred for curing as this method of thermal curing is greatly affected by cold winds. In addition to that in ponding large amounts of water is used and has to be disposed off from the construction sites. Polythene sheets are used on the basis that it creates an airtight environment around the concrete surface henceforth reducing the chances of evaporation over fresh concrete surfaces. But

the usage of polythene can be a drawback as it can be easily blown away by winds and also the water lost by self-desiccation cannot be replenished.

Q102. Why is propping required for long structures once the formwork is removed? 

Answer: Once the process of concreting is performed the striking of the formworks should be done as soon as possible as delay in this process can lead to the discolouration of the concrete structures. In case of long structures particularly long span structures once the structures have attained enough strength to support themselves it is essential to provide them with propping as creep deflection can take place which can greatly reduce the integrity of the structure. Due to the above mentioned reasons propping should be done after the removal of formwork. Also the props should not be made to stand long as it can lead to overstress for the structures.

Q103. Is It Worthwhile To Carry Out Tests On Particle Density Of Soil Particles For Geotechnical

Design? 

Answer: Particle density of soils is defined by the ratio of soil particle mass and soil particle volume. Depending on soil types, the range of variation of soil particle density varies not significantly, i.e. by 4%. Therefore, it may not be worthwhile to order laboratory tests and incur additional expenditure just to determine the particles density by recognizing that the variation of particles density is not significant.

Q104. What Are The Functions Of Grout Inside Tendon Ducts? 

Answer: Grout in Pre-Stressing works serves the following purposes : i) Protect the tendon against corrosion. ii) Improve the ultimate capacity of the tendon. iii) Provide a bond between the structural member and the tendon. iv) In a case of failure, the anchorage is not subject to all strain energy.

Q105. What Reinforcements Are Used In The Process Of Pre-Stressing? 

Answer: The major types of reinforcements used in Pre-Stressing are: (a) Spalling Reinforcement - The Spalling stresses leads to stress behind the loaded area of the anchor blocks. This results in the breaking off of the surface concrete. The most likely causes of such types of stresses are Poisson's effects strain interoperability or by the stress trajectory shapes. (b) Equilibrium reinforcements - This type of reinforcements are required where several anchorages exist where the Pre-Stressing loads are applied in a sequential manner. (c) Bursting Reinforcements: These kinds of stresses occur in cases where the stress trajectories are concave towards the line of action of load. In order to reduce such stresses, reinforcements in the form of bursting are required.

Q106. Sometimes The Side Of Concrete Bridges Is Observed To Turn Black In Color. What Is The

Reason For This Phenomenon? 

Answer: In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete bridges. After rainfall, the bridge

surface absorbs water and retains it for a certain period of time. Hence, this provides a good habitat for fungus or algae to grow. Moreover, atmospheric pollution and proximity of plants provide nutrients for their growth. Improvement in drainage details and application of painting and coating to bridges help to solve this problem.

Q107. What Is The Meaning of Soil Reinforcement?

Answer: Soil reinforcement is the act of improving soil strength to enable it support or carry more load.

Q108. The Mixture Of Different Ingredients Of Cement Is Burnt At? 

Answer: 1400°C

Q109. How Do You Compute The Volume Of  Airflow? 

Answer: Orifice meter is used for measuring flow rate air.

Q110. What Are The Advantages Of Building A Dam On The River Nile? 

Answer: It is the same as building a dam on any river. Dams are built to control flooding downstream during the wet season, generate power year round, and provide irrigation in the dry season.

Q111. How Does Siphoning Work? 

Answer: Pretty good if the outside hose is a lot lower than the inside hose. The siphon works by a hose stuck in a fluid container higher than the receiving container. Suction is shortly placed on the lower

side of the hose until the fluid is flowing down the down line. Gravity will cause a continued flow.

Q112. How Many Kilo-Newton Equals 1000 Kilogram? 

Answer: When the 1000 kg are at rest, on Earth with gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s², 1000 kg equal 9.81 kN.

Q113. What Is Diversion Tunnel In A Dam? 

Answer:When a dam is to be built, a diversion tunnel is usually bored through solid rock next to the dam site to by pass the dam construction site. The dam is built while the river flows through the diversion tunnel.

Q114. Why Is The Statue of Liberty Made Of Copper? 

Answer: Copper is a very durable material when exposed to weather and is soft enough that it can be easily molded to curved shapes such as those in the Statue of Liberty. It is also traditionally used in buildings for complex roofs, so there would have been trades people available trained to use it. Other metals that can be molded are lead but it does not have the attractive verdigris color, and gold much is more expensive.

Q115. Why Does The Pressure Increase Under Soil?

Answer: Soil pressure increases with depth due to the rburden or self-weight the soil and due to loads imposed upon the soil. For example,the pressure variation below the depth of soil is linear and the relation is given by pressure = unit wt * depth. As depth increases, there will be a

linear increase in the soil pressure.

Q116. What is the force exerted by the Tacoma Narrows Bridge? 

Answer: The force exerted to the Tacoma narrows bridge was initially the wind resistance. The wind resistance caused the whole bridge to act as a system with forced vibration with damping.

Q117. What are the applications of Modulus of Elasticity? 

Answer: As the term implies, "Modulus of Elasticity" relates to the elasticity or "flexibility"of a material. The value of modulus of elasticity is very much significant relating to deflection of certain materials used in the construction industry. Take for example the general E value of mild carbon steel is about 200 GPA compared to about 70 GPA for aluminium. This simply translate that aluminium is 3 times flexible than steel.

Q118. What are the causes of building collapse?

Answer: The passage of time is one reason. Buildings also collapse due to weak foundations.

Earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters can also damage the structure of the

buildings and cause it to collapse. Bombings or demolition of buildings is also other reasons.

Q119. List Three Of The Duties Of A Safety Officer On A Construction Site? 

Answer: i) Advise the contractor on how to comply with relevant statutory provisions. ii) Exercise general supervision of the compliance with relevant statutory provisions. iii) Promote safe conduct at

work generally. iv) Co-operate with any Safety Advisor appointed under statutory provisions in

relation to safety, health and welfare at work on the project

Q120. Give Eight Items To Check On When Carrying Out A Scaffold Inspection? 

Answer: i) The alignment and support of the standards. ii) The straightness of the ledgers, iii) The adequacy of the bracing. iv) Security of any ties to a building. v) The tightness of lashings or couplers. vi) The platforms for support, security, and soundness. vii) The guard rails and the boards. viii) The

security of ladders.