Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics objective question and answer
Question No. 201
An ideal flow of any fluid must satisfy
(A) Pascal law
(B) Newton's law of viscosity
(C) Boundary layer theory
(D) Continuity equation
Answer: Option D
Question No. 202
The height of a water column equivalent to a pressure of 0.15 MPa is
(A) 15.3 m
(B) 25.3 m
(C) 35.3 m
(D) 45.3 m
Answer: Option A
Question No. 203
The region between the separation streamline and the boundary surface of the solid body is
known as
(A) Wake
(B) Drag
(C) Lift
(D) Boundary layer
Question No. 204
The total pressure on the top of a closed cylindrical vessel of radius (r) completely filled up with liquid of specific weight (w) and rotating at (ω) rad/s about its vertical axis, is
A. π w ω² r²/4g
B. π w ω² r³/4g
C. π w ω² r⁴/4g
D. π w ω² r²/2g
Answer: Option A
Question No. 205
Froude number is significant in
(A) Supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion
(B) Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc.
(C) Simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of discontinuity, gravity
forces, and wave making effect, as with ship's hulls
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 206
The ratio of specific weight of a liquid to the specific weight of pure water at a standard
temperature is called
(A) Density of liquid
(B) Specific gravity of liquid
(C) Compressibility of liquid
(D) Surface tension of liquid
Answer: Option B
Question No. 207
A hydraulic press has a ram of 15 cm diameter and plunger of 1.5 cm. It is required to lift a weight
of 1 tonne. The force required on plunger is equal to
(A) 10 kg
(B) 100 kg
(C) 1000 kg
(D) 1 kg
Answer: Option A
Question No. 208
The total head of a liquid particle in motion is equal to
(A) Pressure head + kinetic head + potential head
(B) Pressure head - (kinetic head + potential head)
(C) Potential head - (pressure head + kinetic head)
(D) Kinetic head - (pressure head + potential head)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 209
The bulk modulus of elasticity with increase in pressure
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remain constant
(D) Increases first up to certain limit and then decreases
Answer: Option A
Question No. 210
The diameter of the nozzle (d) for maximum transmission of power is given by (where D =
Diameter of pipe, f l = Length of pipe)
A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/4
D) 1/5
Answer: Option C
Question No. 211
Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to force of
(A) Surface tension
(B) Viscosity
(C) Friction
(D) Cohesion
Answer: Option A
Question No. 212
The Metacentric heights of two floating bodies A and B are 1 m and 1.5 m respectively. Select the
correct statement.
(A) The bodies A and B have equal stability
(B) The body A is more stable than body B
(C) The body B is more stable than body A
(D) The bodies A and B are unstable
Answer: Option C
Question No. 213
The rise or depression of liquid in a tube due to surface tension will increase in size of tube will
(A) Increase
(B) Remain unaffected
(C) May increase or decrease depending on the characteristics of liquid
(D) Decrease
Answer: Option D
Question No. 214
A body floats in stable equilibrium
(A) When its meatcentric height is zero
(B) When the metacentre is above e.g.
(C) When its e.g. is below its center of buoyancy
(D) Metacentre has nothing to do with position of e.g. for determining stability
Answer: Option B
Question No. 215
The total pressure on a horizontally immersed surface is (where w = Specific weight of the
liquid, A = Area of the immersed surface, and x = Depth of the centre of gravity of the immersed
surface from the liquid surface)
(A) wA
(B) wx
(C) wAx
(D) wA/x
Answer: Option C
Question No. 216
The discharge of a depressed nappe is 6 to 7 percent __________ that of a free nappe.
(A) Less than
(B) More than
(C) Equal to
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 217
The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the Centroid of the
(A) Submerged body
(B) Volume of the floating body
(C) Volume of the fluid vertically above the body
(D) Displaced volume of the fluid
Answer: Option D
Question No. 218
The intensity of pressure at any point, in a liquid, is
(A) Directly proportional to the area of the vessel containing liquid
(B) Directly proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface
(C) Directly proportional to the length of the vessel containing liquid
(D) Inversely proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface
Answer: Option B
Question No. 219
During the opening of a valve in a pipe line, the flow is
(A) Steady
(B) Unsteady
(C) Uniform
(D) Laminar
Answer: Option B
Question No. 220
A manometer is used to measure
(A) Atmospheric pressure
(B) Pressure in pipes and channels
(C) Pressure in Venturimeter
(D) Difference of pressures between two points in a pipe
Answer: Option B
Question No. 221
For hypersonic flow, the Mach number is
(A) Unity
(B) Greater than unity
(C) Greater than 2
(D) Greater than 4
Answer: Option D
Question No. 222
The theoretical velocity of jet at vena contracta is (where H = Head of water at vena contracta)
(A) 2gH
(B) H × g)
(C) 2g × H
(D) 2gh)
Answer: Option D
Question No. 223
For pipes, laminar flow occurs when Reynolds number is
(A) Less than 2000
(B) Between 2000 and 4000
(C) More than 4000
(D) Less than 4000
Answer: Option A
Question No. 224
When the flow in an open channel is gradually varied, the flow is said to be
(A) Steady uniform flow
(B) Steady non-uniform flow
(C) Unsteady uniform flow
(D) Unsteady non-uniform flow
Answer: Option B
Question No. 225
Property of a fluid by which molecules of different kinds of fluids are attracted to each other is
called
(A) Adhesion
(B) Cohesion
(C) Viscosity
(D) Compressibility
Answer: Option A
Question No. 226
In an internal mouthpiece, if the jet after contraction does not touch the sides of the mouthpiece,
then the mouthpiece is said to be
(A) Running full
(B) Running free
(C) Partially running full
(D) Partially running free
Answer: Option B
Question No. 227
The units of kinematic viscosity are
(A) Metres² per sec
(B) kg sec/metre
(C) Newton-sec per metre
(D) Newton-sec per metre
Answer: Option A
Question No. 228
The length of a liquid stream while flowing over a weir __________ at the ends of the sill.
(A) Expands
(B) Does not change
(C) Contracts
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 229
Newton's law of viscosity is a relationship between
(A) Shear stress and the rate of angular distortion
(B) Shear stress and viscosity
(C) Shear stress, velocity and viscosity
(D) Pressure, velocity and viscosity
Answer: Option A
Question No. 230
The total energy line lies over the hydraulic gradient line by an amount equal to the
(A) Pressure head
(B) Velocity head
(C) Pressure head + velocity head
(D) Pressure head - velocity head
Answer: Option B
Question No. 231
Choose the wrong statement
(A) The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the normal
force on the vertical projection of the surface
(B) The horizontal component acts through the center of pressure for the vertical projection
(C) The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the weight of the
volume of the liquid above the area
(D) The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume
Answer: Option D
Question No. 232
In open channels, the specific energy is the
(A) Total energy per unit discharge
(B) Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the
channel
(C) Total energy measured above the horizontal datum
(D) Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Answer: Option B
Question No. 233
For a floating body to be in stable equilibrium, its metacentre should be
(A) Below the center of gravity
(B) Below the center of buoyancy
(C) Above the center of buoyancy
(D) Above the center of gravity
Answer: Option D
Question No. 234
A water tank contains 1.3 m deep water. The pressure exerted by the water per metre length of
the tank is
(A) 2.89 kN
(B) 8.29 kN
(C) 9.28 kN
(D) 28.9 kN
Answer: Option B
Question No. 235
Total pressure on a lmxlm gate immersed vertically at a depth of 2 m below the free water surface
will be
(A) 1000 kg
(B) 4000 kg
(C) 2000 kg
(D) 8000 kg
Answer: Option A
Question No. 236
If a body floating in a liquid occupies a new position and remains at rest in this new position, when
given a small angular displacement, the body is said to be in __________ equilibrium.
(A) Neutral
(B) Stable
(C) Unstable
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 237
A streamline is defined as the line
(A) Parallel to central axis flow
(B) Parallel to outer surface of pipe
(C) Of equal velocity in a flow
(D) Along which the pressure drop is uniform
Answer: Option C
Question No. 238
The flow in a pipe or channel is said to be non-uniform when
(A) The liquid particles at all sections have the same velocities
(B) The liquid particles at different sections have different velocities
(C) The quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant
(D) Each liquid particle has a definite path
Answer: Option B
Question No. 239
Hydrometer is used to determine
(A) Specific gravity of liquids
(B) Specific gravity of solids
(C) Specific gravity of gases
(D) Relative humidity
Answer: Option A
Question No. 240
The dynamic viscosity of the liquid __________ with rise in temperature.
(A) Remain unaffected
(B) Increases
(C) Decreases
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 241
For pipes, turbulent flow occurs when Reynolds number is
(A) Less than 2000
(B) Between 2000 and 4000
(C) More than 4000
(D) Less than 4000
Answer: Option C
Question No. 242
The velocity of the liquid flowing through the divergent portion of a Venturimeter
(A) Remains constant
(B) Increases
(C) Decreases
(D) Depends upon mass of liquid
Answer: Option C
Question No. 243
The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is known as
(A) Volumetric strain
(B) Volumetric index
(C) Compressibility
(D) Adhesion
Answer: Option C
Question No. 244
If the depth of water in an open channel is less than the critical depth, the flow is called
(A) Critical flow
(B) Turbulent flow
(C) Tranquil flow
(D) Torrential flow
Answer: Option D
Question No. 245
Choose the wrong statement
(A) Fluids are capable of flowing
(B) Fluids conform to the shape of the containing vessels
(C) When in equilibrium, fluids cannot sustain tangential forces
(D) When in equilibrium, fluids can sustain shear forces
Answer: Option D
Question No. 246
An orifice is said to be large, if
(A) The size of orifice is large
(B) The velocity of flow is large
(C) The available head of liquid is more than 5 times the height of orifice
(D) The available head of liquid is less than 5 times the height of orifice
Answer: Option D
Question No. 247
A piece of metal of specific gravity 13.6 is placed in mercury of specific gravity 13.6, what fraction
of it volume is under mercury?
(A) The metal piece will simply float over the mercury
(B) The metal piece will be immersed in mercury by half
(C) Whole of the metal piece will be immersed with its top surface just at mercury level
(D) Metal piece will sink to the bottom
Answer: Option C
Question No. 248
The centre of pressure acts __________ the centre of gravity of immersed surface.
(A) At
(B) Above
(C) Below
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 249
Dynamic viscosity of most of the liquids with rise in temperature
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remain unaffected
(D) Unpredictable
Answer: Option B
Question No. 250
The discharge over a right angled notch is (where H = Height of liquid above the apex of notch)
(A) (8/15) Cd. 2g. H
(B) (8/15) Cd. 2g. H3/2
(C) (8/15) Cd. 2g. H²
(D) (8/15) Cd. 2g. H5/2
Answer: Option D
Question No. 251
A square surface 3 m × 3 m lies in a vertical line in water pipe its upper edge at water surface. The
hydrostatic force on square surface is
(A) 9,000 kg
(B) 13,500 kg
(C) 18,000 kg
(D) 27,000 kg
Answer: Option B
Question No. 252
The discharge through a siphon spillway is
(A) Cd × a × √(2gH)
(B) Cd × a × √(2g) × H^3/2
(C) Cd × a × √(2g) × H^2
(D) Cd × a × √(2g) × H^5/2
Answer: Option A
Question No. 253
Select the correct statement
(A) Local atmospheric pressure depends upon elevation of locality only
(B) Standard atmospheric pressure is the mean local atmospheric pressure a* sea level
(C) Local atmospheric pressure is always below standard atmospheric pressure
(D) A barometer reads the difference between local and standard atmospheric pressure
Answer: Option B
Question No. 254
The shear stress-strain graph for a Newtonian fluid is a
(A) Straight line
(B) Parabolic curve
(C) Hyperbolic curve
(D) Elliptical
Answer: Option A
Question No. 255
The flow in which the particles of a fluid attain such velocities that varies from point to point in
magnitude and direction as well as from instant to instant, is known as
(A) One dimensional flow
(B) Uniform flow
(C) Steady flow
(D) Turbulent flow
Answer: Option D
Question No. 256
For a perfect incompressible liquid, flowing in a continuous stream, the total energy of a particle
remains the same, while the particle moves from one point to another. This statement is called
(A) Continuity equation
(B) Bernoulli's equation
(C) Pascal's law
(D) Archim
Answer: Option B
Question No. 257
Uniform flow occurs when
(A) The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
(B) The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of
time
(C) The magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
(D) The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical
in each pleasure
Answer: Option C
Question No. 258
The critical depth for a channel is given by (where q = Unit discharge (discharge per unit width)
through the channel)
(A) (q/g)1/2
(B) (q²/g)1/3
(C) (q³/g)1/4
(D) 1/5
Answer: Option B
Question No. 259
At the center line of a pipe flowing under pressure where the velocity gradient is zero, the shear
stress will be
(A) Minimum
(B) Maximum
(C) Zero
(D) Could be any value
Answer: Option D
Question No. 260
The discharge through a channel of trapezoidal section is maximum when
(A) Width of channel at the top is equal to twice the width at the bottom
(B) Depth of channel is equal to the width at the bottom
(C) The sloping side is equal to half the width at the top
(D) The sloping side is equal to the width at the bottom
Answer: Option C
Question No. 261
Piezometer is used to measure
(A) Pressure in pipe, channels etc.
(B) Atmospheric pressure
(C) Very low pressures
(D) Difference of pressure between two points
Answer: Option C
Question No. 262
The point at which the resultant pressure on an immersed surface acts, is known as
(A) Centre of gravity
(B) Centre of depth
(C) Centre of pressure
(D) Centre of immersed surface
Question No. 263
Choose the wrong statement
(A) Any weight, floating or immersed in a liquid, is acted upon by a buoyant force
(B) Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
(C) The point through which buoyant force acts, is called the center of buoyancy
(D) Center of buoyancy is located above the center of gravity of the displaced liquid
Answer: Option D
Question No. 264
The centre of pressure for a vertically immersed surface lies at a distance equal to __________ the
centre of gravity.
(A) IG / bellow
(B) IG / above
(C) / IG bellow
(D) / IG above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 265
The pressure in the air space above an oil (sp. gr. 0.8) surface in a tank is 0.1 kg/cm". The pressure
at 2.5 m below the oil surface will be
(A) 2 metres of water column
(B) 3 metres of water column
(C) 3.5 metres of water column
(D) 4 m of water column
Answer: Option B
Question No. 266
The total pressure on the top of a closed cylindrical vessel completely filled up with a liquid is
(A) Directly proportional to (radius)2
(B) Inversely proportional to (radius)2
(C) Directly proportional to (radius)4
(D) Inversely proportional to (radius)4 Answer: Option C
Question No. 267
The flow which neglects changes in a transverse direction is known as
(A) One dimensional flow
(B) Uniform flow
(C) Steady flow
(D) Turbulent flow
Answer: Option A
Question No. 268
Normal depth in open channel flow is the depth of flow corresponding to
(A) Steady flow
(B) Unsteady flow
(C) Laminar flow
(D) Uniform flow
Answer: Option D
Question No. 269
A moving fluid mass may be brought to a static equilibrium position, by applying an imaginary
inertia force of the same magnitude as that of the accelerating force but in the opposite direction.
This statement is called
(A) Pascal's law
(B) Archimedes's Principle
(C) D-Alembert's principle
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 270
The mass per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called
(A) Specific weight
(B) Mass density
(C) Specific gravity
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 271
A large Reynold number is indication of
(A) Smooth and streamline flow
(B) Laminar flow
(C) Steady flow
(D) Highly turbulent flow
Answer: Option D
Question No. 272
Which of the following statement is wrong?
(A) A flow whose streamline is represented by a curve is called two dimensional flow.
(B) The total energy of a liquid particle is the sum of potential energy, kinetic energy and
pressure energy.
(C) The length of divergent portion in a Venturimeter is equal to the convergent portion.
(D) A pitot tube is used to measure the velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe.
Answer: Option C
Question No. 273
Density of water is maximum at
(A) 0° C
(B) 0° K
(C) 4° C
Answer: Option C
(D) 100° C
Answer: Option C
Question No. 274
A weir is said to be broad crested weir, if the width of the crest of the weir is ________ half the
height of water above the weir crest.
(A) Equal to
(B) Less than
(C) More than
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 275
The bulk modulus of elasticity
(A) Has the dimensions of 1/pressure
(B) Increases with pressure
(C) Is large when fluid is more compressible
(D) Is independent of pressure and viscosity
Answer: Option B
Question No. 276
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to empty the tank completely will be
A. (2A√H₁)/(Cd × a√2g)
B. (2AH₁)/(Cd × a√2g)
C. (2AH₁3/2)/(Cd × a√2g)
D. (2AH₁²)/(Cd × a√2g)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 277
Kinematic viscosity is equal to
(A) Dynamic viscosity/density
(B) Dynamic viscosity × density
(C) Density/dynamic viscosity
(D) 1/dynamic viscosity × density
Answer: Option A
Question No. 278
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is
(A) 103 kN/m2
(B) 10.3 m of water
(C) 760 mm of mercury
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 279
The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are
(A) The metacentre should lie above the center of gravity
(B) The center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line
(C) A righting couple should be formed
(D) All the above are correct
Answer: Option D
Question No. 280
A glass tube of smaller diameter is used while performing an experiment for the capillary rise of
water because
(A) It is easier to see through the glass tube
(B) Glass tube is cheaper than a metallic tube
(C) It is not possible to conduct this experiment with any other tube
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 281
To avoid an interruption in the flow of a siphon, an air vessel is provided
(A) At the inlet
(B) At the outlet
(C) At the summit
(D) At any point between inlet and outlet
Answer: Option C
Question No. 282
When the coefficient of discharge (Cd) is 0.623, then the general equation for discharge over a
rectangular weir is
(A) 1.84(L - 0.1nH)H
3/2
(B) 1.84(L - nH)H
2
(C) 1.84(L - 0.1nH)H
5/2
(D) 1.84(L - nH)H
3
Answer: Option A
Question No. 283
In an isothermal atmosphere, the pressure
(A) Decreases linearly with elevation
(B) Remain constant
(C) Varies in the same way as the density
(D) Increases exponentially with elevation
Answer: Option C
Question No. 284
The pressure of a liquid measured with the help of a Piezometer tube is
(A) Vacuum pressure
(B) Gauge pressure
(C) Absolute pressure
(D) Atmospheric pressure
Answer: Option B
Question No. 285
If the atmospheric pressure on the surface of an oil tank (sp. gr. 0.8) is 0.2 kg/cm", the pressure at
a depth of 50 m below the oil surface will be
(A) 2 meters of water column
(B) 3 meters of water column
(C) 5 meters of water column
(D) 6 meters of water Column
Answer: Option D
Question No. 286
The pressure intensity in kN/m2
(or kPa) at any point in a liquid is (where w = Specific weight of
liquid, and h = Depth of liquid from the surface)
(A) w
(B) wh
(C) w/h
(D) h/w
Answer: Option B
Question No. 287
The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the body. This definition is according to
(A) Buoyancy
(B) Equilibrium of a floating body
(C) Archimedes' principle
(D) Bernoulli's theorem
Answer: Option C
Question No. 288
The liquid used in manometers should have
(A) Low density
(B) High density
(C) Low surface tension
(D) High surface tension
Answer: Option D
Question No. 289
Which of the following instrument can be used for measuring speed of an aeroplane?
(A) Venturimeter
(B) Orifice plate
(C) Pitot tube
(D) Rotameter
Answer: Option C
Question No. 290
A jet of water discharging from a 40 mm diameter orifice has a diameter of 32 mm at its vena
contracta. The coefficient of contraction is
(A) 0.46
(B) 0.64
(C) 0.78
(D) 0.87
Answer: Option B
Question No. 291
Buoyant force is
(A) Resultant force acting on a floating body
(B) Equal to the volume of liquid displaced
(C) Force necessary to keep a body in equilibrium
(D) The resultant force on a body due to the fluid surrounding it
Answer: Option D
Question No. 292
In case of flow through parallel pipes,
(A) The head loss for all the pipes is same
(B) The total discharge is equal to the sum of discharges in the various pipes
(C) The total head loss is the sum of head losses in the various pipes
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Answer: Option D
Question No. 293
Rotameter is a device used to measure
(A) Absolute pressure
(B) Velocity of fluid
(C) Flow
(D) Rotation
Answer: Option C
Question No. 294
In a broad-crested weir, the discharge is maximum if the head of water on the downstream side of
weir is __________ the head of water on the upstream side of weir.
(A) Equal to
(B) One-third
(C) Two-third
(D) Three-fourth
Answer: Option C
Question No. 295
When a body, floating in a liquid, is given a small angular displacement, it starts oscillating about a
point known as
(A) Centre of pressure
(B) Centre of gravity
(C) Centre of buoyancy
(D) Metacentre
Answer: Option D
Question No. 296
A nozzle is generally made of
(A) Cylindrical shape
(B) Convergent shape
(C) Divergent shape
(D) Convergent-divergent shape
Answer: Option B
Question No. 297
Pitot tube is used for measurement of
(A) Pressure
(B) Flow
(C) Velocity
(D) Discharge
Answer: Option C
Question No. 298
Coefficient of discharge Cd is equal to (where Cc
= Coefficient of contraction, Cv = Coefficient of
velocity, and Cr
= Coefficient of resistance)
(A) Cc × Cv
(B) Cc × Cr
(C) Cv × Cr
(D) Cc
/Cr Answer: Option A
Question No. 299
The value of mass density in kg-sec-V-m⁴ for water at 0°C is
(A) 1
(B) 1000
(C) 100
(D) 101.9
Answer: Option D
Question No. 300
The shear stress between the two liquid layers is __________ proportional to the distance between two layers.
(A) Directly
(B) Inversely
(C) Both A and B
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
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