Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics objective question and answer
Question No. 401
With an increase in size of tube, the rise or depression of liquid in the tube due to surface tension
will
(A) Decrease
(B) Increase
(C) Remain unchanged
(D) Depend upon the characteristics of liquid
Answer: Option A
Question No. 402
Gauge pressure at a point is equal to the absolute pressure __________ the atmospheric pressure.
(A) Plus
(B) Minus
(C) Divide
(D) Multiply
Answer: Option B
Question No. 403
The dynamic viscosity of gases __________ with rise in temperature.
(A) Remain unaffected
(B) Increases
(C) Decreases
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 404
The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an immersed body due to its tendency to uplift the
submerged body is called
(A) Up-thrust
(B) Reaction
(C) Buoyancy
(D) Metacentre
Answer: Option C
Question No. 405
The purpose of a surge tank is
(A) To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
(B) To eliminate water hammer possibilities
(C) To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 406
Flow occurring in a pipeline when a valve is being opened is
(A) Steady
(B) Unsteady
(C) Laminar
(D) Vortex
Answer: Option B
Question No. 407
The water pressure per metre length on a vertical masonry wall of dam is (where w = Specific
weight of the liquid, and H = Height of the liquid)
(A) wH/2
(B) wH
(C) wH2
/2
(D) wH2
/4
Answer: Option C
Question No. 408
Euler's equation in the differential form for the motion of liquids is given by
(A) dp/ + g.dz + v.dv = 0
(B) dp/ - g.dz + v.dv = 0
(C) dp + g.dz + v.dv = 0
(D) dp - g.dz + v.dv = 0
Answer: Option A
Question No. 409
An open tank containing liquid is made to move from rest with a uniform acceleration. The angle 0
which the free surface of liquid makes with the horizontal is such that (where a = Horizontal
acceleration of the tank, and g = Acceleration due to gravity)
(A) a/g
(B) a/g
(C) a/2g
(D) a
2
/2g
Answer: Option A
Question No. 410
The discharge through a small rectangular orifice is given by (where Cd = Coefficient of discharge
for the orifice, a = Cross-sectional area of the orifice, h = Height of the liquid above the centre of
the orifice)
(A) Q = Cd × a × 2gh
(B) Q = (2/3). Cd × a × h
(C) Q = (Cd × a) gh)
(D) Q = (3Cd × a) h)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 411
When a body is placed over a liquid, it will float if
(A) Gravitational force is equal to the up-thrust of the liquid
(B) Gravitational force is less than the up-thrust of the liquid
(C) Gravitational force is more than the up-thrust of the liquid
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option B
Question No. 412
A point, in a compressible flow where the velocity of fluid is zero, is called
(A) Critical point
(B) Vena contracta
(C) Stagnation point
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 413
For very great pressures, viscosity of moss gases and liquids
(A) Remain same
(B) Increases
(C) Decreases
(D) Shows erratic behaviour
Answer: Option D
Question No. 414
A weir, generally, used as a spillway of a dam is
(A) Narrow crested weir
(B) Broad crested weir
(C) Ogee weir
(D) Submerged weir
Answer: Option C
Question No. 415
The angle of contact in case of a liquid depends upon
(A) The nature of the liquid and the solid
(B) The material which exists above the free surface of the liquid
(C) Both of die above
(D) Any one of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 416
A flow in which each liquid particle has a definite path, and the paths of individual particles do not
cross each other, is called
(A) Steady flow
(B) Uniform flow
(C) Streamline flow
(D) Turbulent flow
Answer: Option C
Question No. 417
The stability of a dam is checked for
(A) Tension at the base
(B) Overturning of the wall or dam
(C) Sliding of the wall or dam
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 418
Water is __________ liquid.
(A) A compressible
(B) An incompressible
(C) Both A and B
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 419
The unit of kinematic viscosity in S. I. units is
(A) N-m/s
(B) N-s/m2
(C) m
2
/s
(D) N-m
Answer: Option C
Question No. 420
Bernoulli's equation is applied to
(A) Venturimeter
(B) Orifice meter
(C) Pitot tube
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 421
Manometer is used to measure
(A) Pressure in pipes, channels etc.
(B) Atmospheric pressure
(C) Very low pressure
(D) Difference of pressure between two points
Answer: Option A
Question No. 422
The flow in which conditions do not change with time at any point, is known as
(A) One dimensional flow
(B) Uniform flow
(C) Steady flow
(D) Turbulent flow
Answer: Option C
Question No. 423
A nozzle placed at the end of a water pipe line discharges water at a
(A) Low pressure
(B) High pressure
(C) Low velocity
(D) High velocity
Answer: Option D
Question No. 424
The pressure of fluid due to hammer blow is
(A) Directly proportional to density of fluid
(B) Inversely proportional to density of fluid
(C) Directly proportional to (density)1/2 of fluid
(D) Inversely proportional to (density)1/2 of fluid
Answer: Option C
Question No. 425
In order to measure the flow with a Venturimeter, it is installed in
(A) Horizontal line
(B) Inclined line with flow upwards
(C) Inclined line with flow downwards
(D) Any direction and in any location
Answer: Option D
Question No. 426
If mercury in a barometer is replaced by water, the height of 3.75 cm of mercury will be following
cm of water
(A) 51 cm
(B) 50 cm
(C) 52 cm
(D) 52.2 cm
Answer: Option A
Question No. 427
According to equation of continuity,
(A) w1a1 = w2a2
(B) w1v1 = w2v2
(C) a1v1 = a2v2
(D) a1/v1 = a2/v2
Answer: Option C
Question No. 428
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha =
Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha =
Height of water due to velocity of approach)
A. (2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]
B. (2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
C. (2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]
D. (2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
Answer: Option B
Question No. 429
The Francis formula for the discharge over Cipoletti weir is
(A) 1.84 LH1/2
(B) 1.84 LH
(C) 1.84 LH3/2
(D) 1.84 LH5/2
Answer: Option C
Question No. 430
One poise is equal to
(A) 0.1 N-s/m2
(B) 1 N-s/m2
(C) 10 N-s/m2
(D) 100 N-s/m2
Answer: Option A
Question No. 431
When a vertical wall is subjected to pressures due to liquid on both sides, the resultant pressure is
the __________ of the two pressures.
(A) Sum
(B) Difference
(C) Arithmetic mean
(D) Geometric mean
Answer: Option B
Question No. 432
The mercury does not wet the glass. This is due to the property of the liquid known as
(A) Cohesion
(B) Adhesion
(C) Viscosity
(D) Surface tension
Answer: Option D
Question No. 433
A channel is said to be of most economical cross-section, if
(A) It gives maximum discharge for a given cross-sectional area and bed slope
(B) It has minimum wetted perimeter
(C) It involves lesser excavation for the designed amount of discharge
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 434
The maximum efficiency of transmission through a pipe is
(A) 50 %
(B) 56.7 %
(C) 66.67 %
(D) 76.66 %
Answer: Option C
Question No. 435
Ratio of inertia force to elastic force is known as
(A) Mach number
(B) Froude number
(C) Reynolds number
(D) Weber's number
Answer: Option A
Question No. 436
The discharge through an external mouthpiece is given by (where a = Cross-sectional area of the
mouthpiece, and H = Height of liquid above the mouthpiece)
(A) 0.855 a. gH)
(B) 1.855 aH. g)
(C) 1.585 a. gH)
(D) 5.85 aH. g)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 437
If 850 kg liquid occupies volume of one cubic meter, men 0.85 represents its
(A) Specific weight
(B) Specific mass
(C) Specific gravity
(D) Specific density
Answer: Option C
Question No. 438
The discharge over a rectangular notch is (where b = Width of notch, and H = Height of liquid,
above the sill of the notch)
(A) (2/3) Cd × b × gH)
(B) (2/3) Cd × b × g) × H
(C) (2/3) Cd × b × g) × H3/2
(D) (2/3) Cd × b × g) × H2
Answer: Option C
Question No. 439
A metal with specific gravity of o floating in a fluid of same specific gravity a will
A. sink to bottom
B. float over fluid
C. partly immersed
D. be fully immersed with top surface at fluid surface
Answer: Option D
Question No. 440
In a short cylindrical external mouthpiece, the vena contracta occurs at a distance __________ the
diameter of the orifice from the outlet of orifice.
(A) Equal to
(B) One-fourth
(C) One-third
(D) One-half
Answer: Option B
Question No. 441
A submerged body is said to be in a stable equilibrium, if its centre of gravity __________ the
centre of buoyancy.
(A) Coincides with
(B) Lies below
(C) Lies above
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 442
The power transmitted through the nozzle is maximum when the head lost due to friction in the
pipe is __________ of the total supply head.
(A) One-half
(B) One-third
(C) Two-third
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 443
In the case of steady flow of a fluid, the acceleration of any fluid particle is
(A) Constant
(B) Variable
(C) Zero
(D) Zero under limiting conditions
Answer: Option C
Question No. 444
The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be same in all the directions when the fluid is
(A) Moving
(B) Viscous
(C) Viscous and static
(D) Viscous and moving
Answer: Option D
Question No. 445
The pressure of air __________ with the increase of height from the surface of the earth.
(A) Does not change
(B) Decreases
(C) Increases
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 446
Froude's number is the ratio of inertia force to
(A) Pressure force
(B) Elastic force
(C) Gravity force
(D) Surface tension force
Answer: Option C
Question No. 447
The pressure measured with the help of a Piezometer tube is in
(A) N/mm2
(B) N/m2
(C) Head of liquid
(D) All of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 448
The total energy line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal to
(A) Pressure head
(B) Velocity head
(C) Pressure head + velocity head
(D) Pressure head - velocity head
Answer: Option C
Question No. 449
Water is a __________ fluid.
(A) Real
(B) Ideal
(C) Newtonian
(D) Non-Newtonian
Answer: Option C
Question No. 450
The resultant of all normal pressures acts
(A) At C.G. of body
(B) At center of pressure
(C) Vertically upwards
(D) At metacentre
Answer: Option C
Question No. 451
According to Newton's law of viscosity, the shear stress on a layer of a fluid is __________ to the
rate of shear strain.
(A) Equal to
(B) Directly proportional
(C) Inversely proportional
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 452
A vessel of 4 m3
contains oil which weighs 30 kN. The specific weight of the oil is
(A) 4.5 kN/m3
(B) 6 kN/m3
(C) 7.5 kN/m3
(D) 10 kN/m3
Answer: Option C
Question No. 453
The loss of head at entrance in a pipe is (where v = Velocity of liquid in the pipe)
(A) v²/2g
(B) 0.5v²/2g
(C) 0.375v²/2g
(D) 0.75v²/2g
Answer: Option B
Question No. 454
The increase of temperature results in
(A) Increase in viscosity of gas
(B) Increase in viscosity of liquid
(C) Decrease in viscosity of gas
(D) Decrease in viscosity of liquid
Answer: Option D
Question No. 455
Which of the following is an example of laminar flow?
(A) Underground flow
(B) Flow past tiny bodies
(C) Flow of oil in measuring instruments
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 456
Re-entrant or Borda's mouthpiece is an __________ mouthpiece.
(A) Internal
(B) External
(C) Both A and B
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 457
The product of mass and acceleration of flowing liquid is called
(A) Inertia force
(B) Viscous force
(C) Gravity force
(D) Pressure force
Answer: Option A
Question No. 458
The top of the weir over which the water flows is known as
(A) Sill or crest
(B) Nappe or vein
(C) Orifice
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 459
The meatcentric height is the distance between the
(A) Centre of gravity of the floating body and the centre of buoyancy
(B) Centre of gravity of the floating body and the metacentre
(C) Metacentre and centre of buoyancy
(D) Original centre of buoyancy and new centre of buoyancy
Answer: Option B
Question No. 460
The time oscillation of a floating body with increase in meatcentric height will be
(A) Same
(B) Higher
(C) Lower
(D) Lower/higher depending on weight of body
Answer: Option C
Question No. 461
The property of a liquid which offers resistance to the movement of one layer of liquid over
another adjacent layer of liquid, is called
(A) Surface tension
(B) Compressibility
(C) Capillarity
(D) Viscosity
Answer: Option D
Question No. 462
An internal mouthpiece is said to be running __________ if the length of the mouthpiece is more
than three times the diameter of the orifice.
(A) Free
(B) Partially
(C) Full
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 463
A manometer is used to measure
(A) Low pressure
(B) Moderate pressure
(C) High pressure
(D) Atmospheric pressure
Answer: Option C
Question No. 464
Which of the following meters is not associated with viscosity?
(A) Red wood
(B) Say bolt
(C) Engler
(D) Orsat
Answer: Option D
Question No. 465
The specific weight of water in S.I. units is taken as
(A) 9.81 kN/m3
(B) 9.81 × 103
N/m3
(C) 9.81 × 10-6 N/mm3
(D) Any one of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 466
The celerity (velocity) of a pressure wave in a fluid is given by (where K = Bulk modulus, and ρ = Density of the fluid)
A. K.ρ
B. K/ρ
C. ρ/K
D. None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 467
A fluid having no viscosity is known as
(A) Real fluid
(B) Ideal fluid
(C) Newtonian fluid
(D) Non-Newtonian fluid
Answer: Option B
Question No. 468
In order to avoid tendency of separation at throat in a Venturimeter, the ratio of the diameter at
throat to the diameter of pipe should be
(A) 1/16 to 1/8
(B) 1/8 to 1/4
(C) 1/4 to 1/3
(D) 1/3 to 1/2
Answer: Option D
Question No. 469
Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions. This is according to
(A) Boyle's law
(B) Archimedes principle
(C) Pascal's law
(D) Newton's formula
Answer: Option C
Question No. 470
The discharge over a triangular notch is
A) Inversely proportional to H
3/2
B) Directly proportional to H
3/2
C) Inversely proportional to H
5/2
D) Directly proportional to H
5/2
Answer: Option D
Question No. 471
A flow whose streamline is represented by a straight line, is called __________ dimensional flow.
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
Answer: Option A
Question No. 472
The body will float if the force of buoyancy is __________ the weight of the liquid displaced.
(A) Equal to
(B) Less than
(C) More than
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 473
The velocity corresponding to Reynold number of 2000 is called
(A) Sub-sonic velocity
(B) Super-sonic velocity
(C) Lower critical velocity
(D) Higher critical velocity
Answer: Option C
Question No. 474
A structure, whose width is __________ the width of the channel, is called a flumed structure.
(A) Less than
(B) More than
(C) Equal
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 475
The force of buoyancy is always __________ the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.
(A) Equal to
(B) Less than
(C) More than
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 476
The density of water is 1000 kg/m3
at
(A) 0° C
(B) 0° K
(C) 4° C
(D) 20° C
Answer: Option C
Question No. 477
Bulk modulus of a fluid __________ as the pressure increases.
(A) Remain same
(B) Decreases
(C) Increases
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 478
The coefficient of viscosity may be determined by
(A) Capillary tube method
(B) Orifice type viscometer
(C) Rotating cylinder method
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 479
Center of pressure on an inclined plane is
(A) At the Centroid
(B) Above the Centroid
(C) Below the Centroid
(D) At metacentre
Answer: Option C
Question No. 480
When the Mach number is less than unity, the flow is called
(A) Sub-sonic flow
(B) Sonic flow
(C) Super-sonic flow
(D) Hyper-sonic flow
Answer: Option A
Question No. 481
When the pressure intensity at a point is more than the local atmospheric pressure, then the
difference of these two pressures is called
(A) Gauge pressure
(B) Absolute pressure
(C) Positive gauge pressure
(D) Vacuum pressure
Answer: Option C
Question No. 482
If the coefficient of discharge is 0.6, then the discharge over a right angled notch is
(A) 0.417 H5/2
(B) 1.417 H5/2
(C) 4.171 H5/2
(D) 7.141 H5/2
Answer: Option B
Question No. 483
The most efficient section of a channel is
(A) Triangular
(B) Rectangular
(C) Square
(D) Trapezoidal
Answer: Option D
Question No. 484
A pipe of length more than double the diameter of orifice fitted externally or internally to the
orifice is called a
(A) Notch
(B) Weir
(C) Mouthpiece
(D) Nozzle
Answer: Option C
Question No. 485
An open tank containing liquid is moving with an acceleration on an inclined plane. The inclination
of the free surface of the liquid will be __________ to the acceleration of the tank.
(A) Equal to
(B) Directly proportional
(C) Inversely proportional
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 486
The coefficient of discharge for an external mouthpiece is
(A) 0.375
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.707
(D) 0.855
Answer: Option D
Question No. 487
The process of diffusion of one liquid into the other through a semi permeable membrane is called
(A) Viscosity
(B) Osmosis
(C) Surface tension
(D) Cohesion
Answer: Option B
Question No. 488
One stoke is equal to
(A) 10-2 m2
/s
(B) 10-3 m2
/s
(C) 10-4 m2
/s
(D) 10-6 m2
/s
Answer: Option C
Question No. 489
Falling drops of water become spheres due to the property of
(A) Surface tension of water
(B) Compressibility of water
(C) Capillarity of water
(D) Viscosity of water
Answer: Option A
Question No. 490
The specific gravity of an oil whose specific weight is 7.85 kN/m3
, is
(A) 0.8
(B) 1
(C) 1.2
(D) 1.6
Answer: Option A
Question No. 491
The length of the divergent cone in a Venturimeter is __________ that of the convergent cone.
(A) Equal to
(B) Double
(C) Three to four times
(D) Five to six times
Answer: Option C
Question No. 492
If a body floating in a liquid returns back to its original position, when given a small angular
displacement, the body is said to be in
(A) Neutral equilibrium
(B) Stable equilibrium
(C) Unstable equilibrium
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 493
The stress-strain relation of the Newtonian fluid is
(A) Linear
(B) Parabolic
(C) Hyperbolic
(D) Inverse type
Answer: Option A
Question No. 494
The viscosity of a liquid __________ its rate of flow through a hole in a vessel.
(A) Effects
(B) Does not effect
(C) Both A and B
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 495
The coefficient of discharge in case of internal mouthpiece is __________ that of external
mouthpiece.
(A) Less than
(B) More than
(C) Equal to
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 496
The unit of surface tension is
(A) N/m
(B) N/m2
(C) N/m3
(D) N-m
Answer: Option A
Question No. 497
The units of dynamic or absolute viscosity are
(A) Metres² per sec
(B) kg sec/meter
(C) Newton-sec per meter
(D) Newton-sec² per meter
Answer: Option C
Question No. 498
A notch is used to measure __________ of liquids.
(A) Pressure
(B) Discharge
(C) Velocity
(D) Volume
Answer: Option B
Question No. 499
Euler's number is the ratio of __________ force to pressure force.
(A) Inertia
(B) Gravity
(C) Viscous
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 500
A flow in which the volume of a fluid and its density does not change during the flow is called
_________ flow.
(A) Incompressible
(B) Compressible
(C) Viscous
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 501
The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called
(A) Specific weight
(B) Mass density
(C) Specific gravity
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 502
The efficiency of power transmission through pipe is (where H = Total supply head, and hf
= Head
lost due to friction in the pipe)
(A) (H - hf )/H
(B) H/(H - hf )
(C) (H + hf )/H
(D) H/(H + hf )
Answer: Option A
Question No. 503
The error in discharge (dQ/Q) to the error in measurement of head (dH/H) over a rectangular
notch is given by
(A) dQ/Q = (1/2) × (dH/H)
(B) dQ/Q = (3/4) × (dH/H)
(C) dQ/Q = (dH/H)
(D) dQ/Q = (3/2) × (dH/H)
Answer: Option D
Question No. 504
The flow of water through the hole in the bottom of a wash basin is an example of
(A) Steady flow
(B) Uniform flow
(C) Free vortex
(D) Forced vortex
Answer: Option C
Question No. 505
A flow in which the viscosity of fluid is dominating over the inertia force is called
(A) Steady flow
(B) Unsteady flow
(C) Laminar flow
(D) Turbulent flow
Answer: Option C
Question No. 506
The hydraulic mean depth or the hydraulic radius is the ratio of
(A) Area of flow and wetted perimeter
(B) Wetted perimeter and diameter of pipe
(C) Velocity of flow and area of flow
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 507
A flow whose streamline is represented by a curve, is called
(A) One-dimensional flow
(B) Two-dimensional flow
(C) Three-dimensional flow
(D) Four-dimensional flow
Answer: Option B
Question No. 508
The value of coefficient of discharge is __________ the value of coefficient of velocity.
(A) Less than
(B) Same as
(C) More than
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 509
The hydraulic mean depth for a circular pipe of diameter (d) is
(A) d/6
(B) d/4
(C) d/2
(D) d
Answer: Option B
Question No. 510
A fluid whose viscosity does not change with the rate of deformation or shear strain is known as
(A) Real fluid
(B) Ideal fluid
(C) Newtonian fluid
(D) Non-Newtonian fluid
Answer: Option C
Question No. 511
Barometer is used to measure
(A) Velocity of liquid
(B) Atmospheric pressure
(C) Pressure in pipes and channels
(D) Difference of pressure between two points in a pipe
Answer: Option B
Question No. 512
An error of 1% in measuring head over the crest of the notch (H) will produce an error of
__________ in discharge over a triangular notch,
(A) 1 %
(B) 1.5 %
(C) 2 %
(D) 2.5 %
Answer: Option D
Question No. 513
The coefficient of venturi-flume, generally, lies between
(A) 0.3 to 0.45
(B) 0.50 to 0.75
(C) 0.75 to 0.95
(D) 0.95 to 1.0
Answer: Option D
Question No. 514
A flow in which the quantity of liquid flowing per second is not constant, is called
(A) Streamline flow
(B) Turbulent flow
(C) Steady flow
(D) Unsteady flow
Answer: Option D
Question No. 515
The specific gravity of water is taken as
(A) 0.001
(B) 0.01
(C) 0.1
(D) 1
Answer: Option D
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